The fuel pump is powered by a compact electric motor and is located in the vehicle’s fuel tank. The fuel pump supplies pressurised fuel to each of the fuel injectors in a car’s engine. A regulator controls the pressure and output of the pump. Filtration of the fuel occurs either in the fuel tank using a pickup screen or externally with a replaceable filter mounted in the fuel supply line.
A high quality OEM fuel pump can last indefinitely. However, as with any electro-mechanical component, a fuel pump will eventually degrade and fail. If it fails to produce adequate pressure or completely quits operating, it will need to be replaced. This failed condition can sometimes be preceded or accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms:
The fuel pump is tested to be sure it isn’t functioning. Should the fuel pump be faulty, it is removed from the tank through an access panel above the tank in the passenger compartment. When no access panel exists, fuel is first drained from the tank and then the fuel tank must be lowered from the vehicle to gain access to the pump. In all cases, fuel pump supply and return hoses, as well as EVAP system hoses, and electrical connections to the pump must be removed. Once the pump is out, any reusable brackets and pick up screens are attached to the new pump, then the new pump is installed. If the fuel system uses an in-line external filter, a filter is often replaced. All hoses and electrical connections are re-established. Fuel is added to the tank and the engine is run to test for leaks.
Usually, it’s still safe to drive, but the pump may lead to an overheated engine and catalytic converter. Complete fuel pump failure can leave you stranded out on the road, but many times a car won’t start before initially driving. However, if the fuel pump problem involves leaks of petrol or vapours, it is unsafe to continue driving, and should immediately check it.